Look! Here they come! The dolly birds in miniskirts, jumper dresses, and herringbone tights, and all that Jean Shrimpton blowout hair! And Twiggy pixie cuts! Look at the dandies, too, making the scene in velvet trousers, Edwardian jackets, top hats, and Chelsea boots. Pop stars, models, mods on motor scooters, Carnaby Street is bustling with shoppers and tourists and all things fab. 

London was happening in the sixties, baby. Fashion didn’t take its cues from the Champs-Élysées anymore. A backstreet in Soho set the trends now. Carnaby Street, three blocks long, two hundred yards from end to end, influenced fashion worldwide.
 
By the early 1960s, Paris seemed so last decade. Even Brigitte Bardot, the personification of French chic, eventually made shopping excursions to Carnaby Street. Brigitte Bardot! The capital of cool had moved from the City of Lights to drab, button-down London, only London wasn’t button-down and drab any longer. The British economy had boomed in the years following the war and by the time the sixties rolled around, the UK had been shaken by a youthquake, an explosion of creativity in the arts, music, and fashion. War babies had money in their pockets, and they spent a bunch of it on records and gear. 

Dolly birds and dandies didn’t shop in dull department stores like Harrods and Selfridges. Boutiques were the thing now, super little shops that offered the latest pop fashions. And Carnaby Street was the hub for up-to-the-minute trends, thanks to the vision of a young designer named John Stephen.
 
Stephen couldn’t have picked a more off-the-grid spot for his first menswear shop. Carnaby was a rundown road with vacant storefronts, a dairy, a newstand, an electric power plant, and a few tailor and tobacconist shops. Then in 1958, Stephen moved into the neighborhood and set up his mod outpost. He named the shop His Clothes, painted it canary yellow, played pop music for the customers, and presented apparel of his own design: pink tab-collar shirts, hip-hugging trousers, and paisley and polka dot ties. He designed collarless suits years before they were popularized by The Beatles. It wasn't long before young Londoners beat a path to Stephen's shop.

​Entrepreneurs followed and opened more boutiques, such as Lady Jane, Kleptomania, Carnaby Girl, Topper, and I Was Lord Kitchner’s Valet, the go-to shop for Victorian guardsman jackets and other vintage military gear. According to Carnaby lore, the shop was the inspiration for the outfits worn by Sergeant Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band. Boutiques popped up like dandelions and it wasn't long before the once dreary street had burst into a riot of color.

John Stephen went on to open more than a dozen shops and became known as the “King of Carnaby Street.” Pop groups looked for clothes on Carnaby Street, or had their outfits customed tailored. Among the groups Stephen outfitted were The Who, Rolling Stones, Bee Gees, and Kinks. The combustion of music and fashion made Carnaby Street the heart of Swinging London and a symbol of the Swinging Sixties. 

Swinging London is long gone now, along with the mods and the hippies. Gone, too, are Carnaby Street's quirky shops. And there's no need to dodge MGs and motor scooters. The street became a pedestrian mall years ago.

​Today Carnaby Street is one of fourteen streets in a lively shopping district called (yes, you guessed it) Carnaby, containing roughly one hundred shops and sixty restaurants, bars, and cafés. If you’re looking for the Carnaby Street of the 1960s, you’ll need to dive into your imagination. And that’s cool, because for those of us who came of age on this side of the pond, Carnaby Street had always been a place in the imagination, as much as a street in London.

He drank with Sinatra, hung with Elvis, made Richard Nixon's enemies list, dated Raquel Welch, Mamie Van Doren, and countless other women, and somehow found time to play football.
 
Joe Namath would have been a star quarterback no matter where he played. But he wouldn't have become Broadway Joe, say, in Cleveland, Ohio. Namath was the right hero at the right place and time: New York City in the 1960s.

By 1965, New York was ready for a hero like Joe Namath. The city had been in the doldrums for years, grappling with crime, dirty streets, polluted air, and a vanishing manufacturing base, all indications of a city in decline. Broadway, once the symbol of glamour and glittering opening nights, had become in Jimmy Breslin's words, "a busted-out whorehouse with orange juice stands."

Then Joe Willie Namath came to town. He was a young man out of Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, by way of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, where he'd been the star quarterback of the University of Alabama's Crimson Tide. Our hero didn't ride into town on a charger. Namath owned a new Lincoln Continental convertible custom painted green and white, the colors of the New York Jets. The Jets added the car to sweeten an already sugarcoated deal that included the unprecedented signing sum of $400,000. The AFL Jets, a mediocre team in a second-rate league, needed Namath and needed him badly.

Namath already was something of a legend before he hit town. During the three years he quarterbacked for the University of Alabama, he led his team to a 29-4 record, three bowl appearances, and a 1964 national title. He also earned the 1965 Orange Bowl MVP Award. 

Sonny Werblin, one of the owners of the Jets, went full throttle to sign Namath. Werblin, who'd been a mover and shaker in the entertainment industry, knew if his team ever hoped to conquer the Big Apple and the AFL, he'd need more than a talented quarterback. He'd need a player with movie-star magic, a guy who could put fans in the seats and draw eyes to TV screens on Sunday afternoons. And Namath delivered the goods. By the end of his first season, he was voted AFL Rookie of the Year.

When he signed with the Jets, the excitement surrounding Namath landed him on the cover of the July 19, 1965, issue of Sports Illustrated, along with the headline “Football Goes Show Biz.” The photo showed Namath, all smiles, dressed in his Jets uniform, standing against the lights of Times Square. One of his teammates took a look at the cover and nicknamed him “Broadway Joe,” and the name stuck. What also stuck was the image painted by Robert H. Boyle, who wrote the feature Sports Illustrated article. He described Namath as "a real ring-a-ding-a-ding finger-snapper, a girl ogler, a swingin' cat with dark good looks who sleeps till noon."

New York hadn't seen a character like Namath since the days of Babe Ruth. The kid with shaggy hair from Beaver Falls was made for New York City. He was charismatic and unconventional, New York's lovable bad boy. He wore low-cut white cleats instead of traditional black. And he fancied full-length fur coats. Yeah, Namath was so cool he could sport a fut coat on the sidelines. He was so cool he could star in a TV commercial for Hanes Beauty Mist pantyhose and guest-star on the Brady Bunch, Laugh-In, and other TV shows. He was having fun, and New York was having fun along with him. But he had plenty of critics, too;  finger-waggers who didn't approve of what he did off the field.

Namath was a single guy in the Swinging Sixties, and he swung. He partied in his penthouse on the Upper East Side, and in clubs around town, including his own place called Bachelors III, on Lexington Avenue. He was brash and audacious as New York City itself. "Some people don't like this image I got myself, bein' a swinger," he told Jimmy Breslin. "They see me with a girl instead of being home like other athletes. But I'm not institutional. I swing. If it's good or bad, I don't know, but I know what I like."

One night Namath and two friends are drinking in a Manhattan nightspot. On their way out the door, they pass Mick Jagger and the Stones sitting at a table with two gorgeous women. "Come on, girls, let's go." says one of Namath's pals. "We're having a party at Joe's place." History doesn't record Mick's reaction when the ladies followed Namath and his friends out the door. Maybe he wished he had the moves like Namath.

Namath made for colorful copy off the field, but it wasn't his nightclubbing that mattered. What mattered was his performance on the stadium grounds. During the 1967 season, he set a record for passing more than 4,000 yards, a record that stood for a decade. His quick release, long passes, and foreseeing the moves of the defense with split-second timing redefined quarterbacking. But it was Super Bowl III, New York Jets vs. Baltimore Colts, that cemented Namath's status as a legend.

Oddsmakers had the Jets as 18-pt underdogs going into the game, their defense no match for the NFL Colts, one of the greatest football teams in history. Three days before the game, Namath attends an awards dinner where he's honored as outstanding player of 1968. A heckler shouts to Namath that the Colts are going to kick his ass. Namath shoots back, "Hey, I got news for you. We're going to win on Sunday. I guarantee it."

Namath's guarantee made headlines. He put himself in the hot seat, and his haters couldn't wait to see the Jets defeated and Namath eat crow. But as Tex Maul wrote the following week in Sports Illustrated, "[Namath's] talent is as big as his mouth -- which makes it a very big talent, indeed."

On January 12, 1969, Joe Namath led the Jets to a 16-7 upset victory over the Colts and rocked the sports world. Decades later Brian Costello would write in the New York Post, "For many people, Namath will always be 25 years old with his right index pointed to the sky, jogging off the Orange Bowl field as the Super Bowl III MVP, his famous guarantee realized." 

The year 1966 was the year of Capote. In Cold Blood, his nonfiction novel, as he called it, published in January, shot to the top of the bestseller list and launched him into the celebrity stratosphere. Truman Capote Superstar! He was the talk of the town and talk of the nation; his face appeared on magazine covers, his name in newspaper columns. Capote raked in a cool $500,000 for the paperback rights for In Cold Bloood, and another $500,000 for the movie rights. That's about $8,000,000 in today's dollars. Not bad for a  lonely boy from Monroeville, Alabama.

Capote's parents divorced when he was young, his mother neglected him, and he was bullied by other kids. Yet he grew up to become a member of the in-crowd. Through talent, charm, and a genius for self-promotion, he cultivated friendships with New York City's social elite. 

The success of In Cold Blood gave Capote the mad money he needed to give his friends "a great big, all-time spectacular present." He decided to throw a party,  the party, the chicest soiree of the sixties. Capote envisioned an extravagant affair, like something out of an MGM movie: a masked ball held in the Grand Ballroom of the Plaza Hotel.

Capote spent months planning the event, giving it the creative effort he would one of his books. He found his theme, inspired by Cecil Beaton’s designs for the Ascot scene in the film of My Fair Lady: a masked black-and-white ball. "I want the party to be united," he said, "like the way you make a painting," His invitation left no question as to what he wanted on his canvas:

For the decor, Capote chose red table cloths to add a splash of color against the ballrooms's gold and white walls. He decided against flower arrangements for the tables and went with gold candlelabras holding white tapers; the stems of the candlelabras wound with greenbrier. Capote kept it simple because, as the jeweler Kenneth Jay Lane later remarked, "In those days, the people were the decorations."

​Partygoers foxtrotted to the sounds of the Peter Duchin Orchestra, then later in the evening got down to the funky rhythms of the Soul Brothers. They knocked back glasses of Tattinger champagne, which flowed, as one guest said, "like the the Missipppi, or the Nile." At the stroke of midnight, the masks came off and the guests enjoyed a buffet supper. No caviar on toast points for Truman. The menu was strickly down-home: scrambled eggs, sausages, biscuits, spaghetti and meaballs, and chicken hash. 
 ​
Capote had worked on the guest list for months, and never went anywhere without his black-and-white compostion book that contained the names of guests and potential guests. "The point and fun about giving a party," he said, "is about those you don't invite." Capote was in the catbird seat now, determining who was in and who was out of the in-crowd. His guest list became a guessing game and great publicity. It produced fodder for gossip columns and agita for members of the Jet Set who prayed they'd find their names among the chosen. Some people tried to bribe Capote wiith gobs of cash to get a look at his composition book. After the chosen ones recieved their invitations, they had seven weeks to prepare. Capote settled on a little over 500 people. "I just wanted to give a party for my friends," he said.

And who were some of Truman's friends? Oh, just Rose Kennedy, Alice Roosevelt Longworth, Lillian Hellman, James Baldwin, Mr. & Mrs. Leonard Bernstein, Princess Lee Radizwell, Edward Albee, Mr. & Mrs. Harry Belefonte, Maharaja and Maharani of Jaipur, Miss Tallulah Bankhead, and, well, do you have about an hour to spare?

Hundreds of stargazers, standing in the pelting rain, gathered at Grand Army Plaza outside the hotel. Police set up barracdes to keep the crowd under control. When the party guests arrived, they were met by reporters, TV crews, and the pop and flash of paparazzi cameras, as though it were the night of the Academy Awards. According to Curt Gatheje, the Plaza's historian, "The Black and White Ball commanded more media attention than the Beatles did when they stayed at the Plaza in February 1964 . . ."

Up in the Grand Ballroom, Lauren Bacall cut a rug with Jerome Robbins. George Plimpton and John Kenneth Galbraith organized a game of football using a top hat for a ball. Norman Mailer challenged McGeorge Bundy to a fight and got into a heated argument with Lillian Hellman. In other words, Mailer had a grand time.

The Black and White Ball was the greatest assemblege of celebrities from the worlds of high society, politics, entertainment, and the arts. Capote dreamed of bringing these worlds together for a night to remember. No party since has equaled it in glamour and star power.

In the end, the Black and White Ball was more than a party. It was a work of the imagination. "Everybody there felt anointed that night," said Mailer. "I think that's Truman's greatest coup. To me, that party's greater than any of his books."
​

​One Sunday, a pastor invited his granddaughter up to the pulpit to sing for the congregation. When he saw the six-year-old child was nervous, he whispered, “If you can think it, you can do it.” The child stepped onto the stack of books her grandfather had placed for her. She looked at the people in the pews, closed her eyes, and sang the hymn “Jesus Loves Me.” Dionne Warwick (born Marie Dionne Warrick) gave her first public performance in 1946 at St. Luke’s AME Church in Newark, New Jersey.
 
Dionne Warrick grew up steeped in the tradition of gospel music. Sacred song surrounded her at church and at home. Her mother was a founding member of a gospel group called the Drinkard Singers. The group sang regularly at Hope Baptist Church in Newark and recorded on the Chess, Savoy, and Verve labels. The group backed up Mahalia Jackson at a 1951 concert at Carnegie Hall and in 1957 was featured at the Newport Jazz Festival’s first gospel program. As a child, Dionne sang in the New Hope Baptist Church choir, along with her sister Dee Dee and her aunt, Cissy Houston, mother of Whitney. Gospel music was the family’s ministry. 
 
Dionne was fourteen years old when she and her sister, along with friends Myrna Utley and Carol Slade, formed their own group called the Gospelaires, performing at churches and gospel caravans in and around New Jersey. When they’d gained enough experience, and mustered the confidence, the group crossed the Hudson and entered the amateur night contest at Harlem’s legendary Apollo Theatre. Amateur Night at the Apollo launched the careers of hundreds of singers, including Ella Fitzgerald, Billie Holiday, James Brown, and Sarah Vaughn. When the contest ended that night, the Apollo added another name to its list of Amateur Night winners: the Gospelaires.

​A representative from Savoy Records in Newark came backstage and asked if any of the contestants thought they could sing back-up at an upcoming recording session. Without skipping a beat, Dionne piped up and said her group could do it. After the Savoy recording session, the Gospelaires became the go-to female backup group in New York City, lending their voices to recordings by the Shirelles, Ray Charles, Bobby Darin, Dinah Washington, Ben E. King, Chuck Jackson, and Solomon Burke, among others. 
 
In the summer of 1961, the Gospelaires landed a gig backing up the Drifters on the recording of “Mexican Divorce,” by Brill Building songwriters Burt Bacharach and Bob Hilliard. That’s when Dionne’s distinctive voice caught the composer’s attention. Bacharach asked if she’d like to record some demos for songs he was writing with a lyricist named Hal David. One of the songs Dionne recorded was “It’s Love That Really Counts.” Burt pitched the song to Florence Greenberg, owner of Scepter Records, as a record for the Shirelles. He played the demo for her, and Greenberg's reaction wasn’t what he expected. “Forget the song,” she told him. “Get the girl singer!” 

​Dionne signed with Burt and Hal, and around the same time signed a contract with Florence Greenberg, with the understanding she could record only on weekends. During the week, she was working on her degree in music education at the Hartt School of the University of Hartford.
 
Now that Dionne was under contract, there was the matter of when to release her debut single and what song it should be. Among the demos she'd recorded for Bacharach and David was a song called “Make It Easy on Yourself.” Dionne fell in love with it and hoped it would be her debut recording. Burt and Hal agreed.
 
Weeks later, while driving home from Connecticut, Dionne turned on the radio and was devastated by what she heard. It was the voice of Jerry Butler. The song was “Make It Easy on Yourself,” the song Burt and Hal had promised her.
 
Dionne confronted the writers at their office in the Brill Building and had it out with them. After all the demos she’d done for them, she felt used and exploited. Burt and Hal tried to explain that placing the song with Jerry Butler was Florence Greenberg's decision, and not theirs. Greenberg didn’t think Dionne’s voice was right for the song. Burt and Hal promised to write another song for Dionne, a song just as good as “Make It Easy on Yourself.” But Dionne wasn’t buying what the guys were selling. “Don’t make me over, man!” she shouted, meaning don’t lie to me, and stormed out of the office.
 
Hal was stunned when the twenty-two-year-old singer walked out the door, but he was thrilled by the parting gift Dionne had left him: the title of the new song he and Burt would write for her. 

​“Don’t Make Me Over” was released October 1962, and though it's hard to believe, it wasn’t the A-side of the single. Florence Greenberg never liked the song and tried to bury it on the B-side of “I Smiled Yesterday.” But she couldn’t hide the song from deejays, who flipped over the record and gave “Don’t Make Me Over” the air time it needed. The record climbed to #21 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart.
 
And, yes, Dionne Warrick’s last name was spelled Warwick now. Either Scepter Records, or a typesetter, misspelled her name on the record, and when Scepter failed to correct it on the second printing, Dionne decided to stay with Warwick.
 
“Don’t Make Me Over” was the first of fifty-six Warwick singles to make the Billboard Hot 100 chart, including thirty-nine hits written by Bacharach and David, such as “Anyone Who Had a Heart,” “Walk on By,” and “I Say a Little Prayer.” Dionne Warwick sang the songs with ease and honesty, as she continues to do today, never taking the listener out of the song by drawing attention to herself with vocal tricks. 

“Don’t Make Me Over” put Dionne Warwick on the road to stardom and launched the most successful singer and songwriting team in pop music history: Warwick, Bacharach, and David.

​​On July 10, 1962, NASA blasted a Thor-Delta rocket into the space from Cape Canaveral, Florida. Sitting on top was Telstar, a 174-pound communications satellite developed by AT&T. Telstar looked like a large metallic beach ball, covered with transistors and solar panels, but that beach ball changed the life of earthlings. 
 
Two days after Telstar was launched into orbit, a satellite station in the mountains of Andover, Maine, beamed a signal to outer space. Telstar picked up the signal and relayed it back to earth. A satellite station on the coast of Brittany, France, received the signal, and on its monitors appeared the United States flag waving outside the station in Maine. The team in France witnessed the first transatlantic television signal in history. 
 
From there Telstar went public, relaying over 600 television, telephone, and telegraph signals between North America and Europe during its operational life. Telstar led the way to global communication and the twenty-four-hour news cycle, but don’t hold that against it. Telstar was one of the wonders of the Space Age and captured people’s imaginations worldwide.

​It certainly captured the imagination of Joe Meek, the English songwriter, engineer, and record producer, who also happened to be a genius. In a makeshift studio in his apartment above a leather shop in north London, he wrote “Telstar,” an instrumental he recorded with the Tornadoes. As part of the song, Joe wanted to include the sound of a rocket blasting off into space. But how? Remember, this was ages before the internet. He didn't have the luxury of downloading a sound effect with the click of a mouse. But Joe Meek was known for innovation.

He found the sound he wanted in his apartment, in the loo. The toilet, of course! He recorded the sound of the flushing toilet, then passed the tape backwards and forwards through his equipment at different speeds. And, by George, he did it! He created the roar of a rocket launch.

​“Telstar” shot to number one on the UK and U.S. charts in 1962, selling approximately five million records worldwide. Joe Meek and the Tornadoes were the advance guard of the British Invasion. "Telstar" was the first record by a Britsh group to reach #1 on the U.S. charts. That wouldn't happen again until 1964, when the Beatles released "I Want to Hold Your Hand." Even today, in the twenty-first century, Joe Meek's recording sounds as cool and space-agey as ever.
 
Telstar, the satellite, is long out of service, but still orbiting the earth. You can see it occasionally with a pair of binoculars. Some night when the stars are out, look up and give it a wave.

​​A retired NYPD lieutenant named Ralph Sagasse ran a gay bar at 128 West 45th Street, just off Time Square. The Peppermint Lounge was little more than a hole in the wall until a new dance called the Twist swept America, thanks to Chubby Checker and his 1960 blockbuster hit. The dance eventually rotated around Mr. Sagasse’s bar. One night in 1961, according to Peppermint lore, Merle Oberon and Prince Serge Oblensky walked into the joint and partied to the music of Joey Dee and the Starlighters. What happened next is straight out of an old Warner Brothers movie.
 
Columnists Earl Wilson and Cholly Knickerbocker reported the Hollywood star and Russian royal were seen slumming at a dive bar in midtown. Café Society had discovered the Peppermint Lounge and pandemonium followed. Police needed barricades and patrolmen on horseback to control the crowds trying to get into the hottest spot in town.
 
No one was prepared for the sudden turn of events; not Ralph Sagasse; not Joey Dee and the Starlighters, whose weekend gig turned into a thirteen-month run; and not the goodfellas running rackets out of the backroom. Joey Dee and the Starlighters's recording of "The Peppermint Twist" became a hit and made the bar internationally famous: ​"Meet me, baby, down at 45th Street/Where the Peppermint twisters meet."

If you were at the shore that summer, you couldn't miss it, "The Girl from Ipanema" drifting from transistor radios on the beach. The seductive voice of Astrud Gilberto, backed by Stan Getz's cool sax, made it the summer song of '64.  

With music by Antonio Carlos Jobim, lyrics by Vinicius de Moraes, and English lyrics by Norman Gimbel, "The Girl from Ipanema" tells the story of a young woman who "walks like a samba to the sea," as she passes a young man on the beach. He would "give his heart gladly," but she doesn't know he exists. The song became an international hit, peaking in the U.S. at #5 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and helped popularize bossa nova, the new sound of Brazil. 

Two summers earlier, Jobim and de Moraes were writing songs for a movie called Blimp, a comedy about a Martian who lands on earth, smack in the middle of Carnival in Rio. The Martian sees a female earthling passing by, breathtaking in her bikini, and marvels at her beauty. Cue music: "The Girl Who Passes By."

The song was almost finished. All it needed were two more verses, but Jobim and de Moraes had run out of steam. So they headed to their favorite bar to refuel. Veloso Bar was a block from Ipanema beach and ran along Rue Montenegro. From where they sat, Jobim and de Moraes had a view of the street and the people passing by. One of the people passing by was Heloisa Pinto, who'd often walk by the bar in her bikini.

​She was seventeen years old and a regular at the beach. Jobim and de Moraes had seen her a number of times before and admired her beauty. But on this day, they saw something else: the inspiration they needed to finish the song. With some lyric rewrites and musical adjustments, "The Girl Who Passes By" became "The Girl from Ipanema." Jobim and de Moraes caught lightning in a bottle that day, and, according to legend, wrote the song on cocktail napkins. 

After releasing the song in Brazil, Jobim flew to New York City in March 1963 to work on an album with his friend Joao Gilberto, the guitarist, and Stan Getz. The album was titled Getz/Gilberto. Joao Gilberto planned to sing the Portugese lyrics to "The Girl from Ipanema," but  he needed someone to sing the lyrics in English. Joao had the perfect singer in mind: Astrud, his wife, only she didn't know it. He wanted it to be a surprise and sprang the idea on her in the recording studio. He knew what Astrud's quiet voice would bring to a song about unattainable love. Plus, she was fluent in English. Astrud, who was twenty-four years old, had sung informally for a few years, with Joao, Jobim, and other musicians when they got together. The recording of "The Girl from Ipanema" would be her first professional gig.

But the album hit a roadblock when Creed Taylor, the producer, had second thoughts. He worried a bossa nova album would be a commercial flop, given the shifting taste in popular music. The Beatles and the British Invasion were looming on the horizon. He put Getz/Gilbeto into deep freeze for over a year. The album was finally released in March 1964, along with Astrud Gilberto's single of "The Girl from Ipanema," with English lyrics. Happy surprise, the song rocketed to the top of the charts.

Getz/Gilberto, released on Verve Records, became the first jazz album to win the Grammy Award for Best Album of the Year. It's now considered a jazz classic and one of the bestselling jazz albums of all time. The single sold more than two million copies and won the Grammy for Record of the Year. Astrud Gilberto earned Grammy nominations for Best Vocal Performance, Female, and Best New Artist of 1964. By some accounts, "The Girl from Ipanema" is the second-most recorded pop song, after the Beatles' "Yesterday." More than fifty years on, the song has become a timeless classic of summer love and longing. Not too shabby for a tune orginally written for a Martian. But wait . . .

Can you feel the cool ocean breeze? Can you hear the crash of waves breaking on the shore? If you fall under the spell of Astrud Gilberto and Stan Getz, blame it on the bossa nova.